Table 1 Characteristics of 267 pregnant African American people and newborns in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort, 2016–2020

Characteristic	Participants, No. (%)^a
Delivery year
2016	44 (16)
2017	95 (36)
2018	64 (24)
2019	33 (12)
2020	31 (12)
Maternal age, mean (SD), y	25.6 ± 5.2
Education
Less than high school	38 (14)
High school	115 (43)
Some college	68 (25)
College graduate or above	46 (17)
Income-poverty ratio^b
<100%	113 (42)
100 – 132%	40 (15)
133 – 149%	22 (8)
150 – 199%	49 (18)
200 – 299%	13 (5)
300 – 399%	11 (4)
≥400%	19 (7)
Married or cohabitating
Yes	114 (43)
No	153 (57)
Health insurance
Private	49 (18)
Public	218 (82)
Hospital
Emory University Hospital (private)	103 (39)
Grady Hospital (public)	164 (61)
Parity	1.1 ± 1.2
Nulliparous	112 (42)
Primiparous	72 (27)
Multiparous	83 (31)
Prenatal BMI, kg/m^{2 c}	29.0 ± 7.6
Underweight	8 (3)
Normal weight	92 (34)
Overweight	58 (22)
Obesity	109 (41)
Marijuana use one month before pregnancy
Yes	90 (34)
No	177 (66)
Tobacco use one month before pregnancy
Yes	28 (10)
No	239 (90)
Trimester serum sample collected^d	11.3 ± 2.2
1st trimester	163 (61)
2nd trimester	104 (39)
Delivery mode
Vaginal	120 (45)
Cesarean section	31 (12)
Missing	116 (43)
Neonatal sex
Female	139 (52)
Male	128 (48)
Gestational age at birth^e
Preterm	31 (12)
Early term	82 (31)
Full-term	154 (57)
Gestational age at birth, mean (SD), weeks	38.7 (2.0)
Labor and delivery course for early births^f
Spontaneous	82 (69)
Medically indicated	31 (26)

y year, BMI body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), w week.
^aReported percentages are composition ratios of each horizontal characteristic.
^bIncome-poverty ratio calculated as total family income divided by the Federal poverty threshold.
^cBMI categorized as follows: underweight, <18.5 kg/m²; normal weight, 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m²; overweight, 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m²; and obesity, ≥30 kg/m².
^dTrimesters categorized as follows: 1^st trimester, 6 – 12 gestational weeks; 2^nd trimester, 13 – 17 gestational weeks.
^eGestational age at birth categorized as follows: preterm, 22 – <37 gestational weeks; early term, 37 – 38 gestational weeks; full-term, ≥39 gestational weeks.
^fReported percentages for labor and delivery course are composition ratios of preterm birth and early term birth versus 118 healthy full-term births.

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