Fig. 4: OsAP2-39 was controlled by OsMADS17 directly and regulated grain yield negatively.
From: OsMADS17 simultaneously increases grain number and grain weight in rice
a Differentially expressed AP2/ERF family genes revealed by the RNA-sequencing analysis. b Validation for the expression levels of OsAP2-39 by RT-qPCR (n = 3 replicates). c, d Yeast one-hybrid (c) and EMSA assays (d) proved OsMADS17 bound to the promoter region of OsAP2-39 (n = 3 replicates). e Dual-LUC reporter assays indicated OsMADS17 promoted activation of the promoter of OsAP2-39. Control, cotransfected with reporter construct and an empty effector construct (set to 1) (n = 3 replicates). f–h Main panicles (f), grain width (g), and grain length (h) of C418 and C418OE-OsAP2-39 plants. i Comparison of grain number per main panicle, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant between C418 and C418OE-OsAP2-39 plants (n = 20 plants). j–m Same as (f–i) for C418 and C418RNAi-OsAP2-39 plants (n = 20 plants). n Association test between 1000-grain weight and variants (with minor allele frequency >0.05) in the 3-kb promoter region of OsAP2-39, and the variants were accepted by the standard of P < 0.001. o Cultivars with haplotype OsAP2-39T (with genotype T at S2 position) showed bigger grain size than the others. No. of cvs., number of cultivars. p The frequency of genotypes OsAP2-39T and OsAP2-39C in cultivated rice. q The frequency of favorable genotypes in cultivated rice. r Geographical distribution of favorable genotypes in Asia areas. Scale bars, 10 cm (f, j), 1 cm (g, h, k, l). Data for b, e, i, m are means ± s.d., comparisons are made by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data underlying Fig. 4a–e, i, m–r are provided as a Source Data file.
