Fig. 3: Biomimetic Na+ channels.

a Zeta potential values of various COFs. b Electrostatic potential mappings of TPBD, TPDBD, and TPDBD-COO− (the white, blue, gray, and red spheres denote hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, respectively). c Optimized coordination structures between NaTFSI and TPDBD and TPDBD-COO− (the white, blue, purple, gray, and red spheres denote hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, carbon, and oxygen, respectively). d Bond lengths between NaTFSI and TPBD, TPDBD and TPDBD-COO−. e Schematic illustration of the bionic channel in TPDBD-CNa (the red spheres denote oxygen, and cyan sticks denote the covalent organic framework).