Fig. 5: A potential pack-level design for active thermal switching.

At the pack or module level, the gap between the battery and the cold plate can be controlled by moving the cold plate by heating the SMA wires. To switch from ON to OFF, the self-heated SMA wires contract and open the gap between the cold plate and the battery. The application of our approach to the pack level requires minor modifications, which benefits from the nonintrusive nature. Parts in the schematic are not to scale and can be adapted to batteries of different sizes.