Table 3 Observed and predicted grain morphology based on Q and ΔT values for five different multi-component Ti alloys

From: Underlying factors determining grain morphologies in high-strength titanium alloys processed by additive manufacturing

Alloy

Observed Grain Morphology

Growth Restriction Factor, Q(K)

Predicted Grain Morphology (based on Q)

Freezing Range ΔT(K)

Predicted Grain Morphology (based on ΔT)

Ti-18

Columnar

29.0

Columnar

~125

Columnar

Ti-18 + 3Fe

Equiaxed

40.4

Columnar

~519

Equiaxed

Ti-185

Equiaxed

19.0

Columnar

~490

Equiaxed

Ti-64 (LPBF)

Columnar

8.0

Columnar

~153

Columnar

Ti-64 + 5Fe (LPBF)

Equiaxed

27.0

Columnar

~515

Equiaxed

  1. Application of the two methods (i.e., Growth Restriction Factor or Freezing Range) for predicting the grain morphology of the as-deposited practical alloys listed. The first three alloys were deposited using the LENS™ (directed energy deposition, blown powder) and last two alloys were deposited using LPBF (laser powder bed fusion). For the five alloys, the observed grain morphologies, and the results of estimations of the growth restriction factors (Q), and freezing ranges, (ΔT), are given. Also, the predictions of the grain morphologies based on values of Q and ΔT are listed. Again, the method of calculating Q yields the Qbin values as noted in the text.
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