Fig. 1: Crystallization, architecture, and morphology of perovskite/NVP film. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Crystallization, architecture, and morphology of perovskite/NVP film.

From: Monolithically-grained perovskite solar cell with Mortise-Tenon structure for charge extraction balance

Fig. 1

a Cross-sectional STEM image of an ultra-thin perovskite slice (<100 nm thickness) fabricated by FIB with an architecture (from top to bottom) of sputtered Pt/spiro-OMeTAD (HTL)/perovskite with NVP/SnO2 (ETL)/FTO/glass. The depth of the inserted HTL depth is 1/2~2/3 of the total perovskite grain height. The yellow dashed line is the boundary between spiro-OMeTAD and dielectric barrier of PVP. b Diagram of Mortise-Tenon structure. c Enlarged images of STEM image, the labeled triangular area may be miscellaneous phases in PVP matrix. d Corresponding EDS elemental mapping of Pb, I, and C from the HAADF image shown in c. e TEM image clearly shows that perovskite grains are surrounded by PVP. The crystal lattice distance of perovskite was 3.18 Å, and the SAED pattern of corresponding interdigital perovskite films as illustrated in the inset. f The diffraction patterns of control and perovskite/NVP films were collected by GIWAXS at a small angle.

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