Fig. 2: Formation mechanism of Mortise-Tenon (M-T) structure. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Formation mechanism of Mortise-Tenon (M-T) structure.

From: Monolithically-grained perovskite solar cell with Mortise-Tenon structure for charge extraction balance

Fig. 2

a Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism of M-T structure of perovskite/NVP and upper HTL. b Perovskite precursor is soluble in pure NVP and is miscible with DMSO (top); perovskite precursor in NVP is polymerized to PVP after heating at 100°C for 20 min and the solidified product is not dissolved in DMSO (middle); PVP can be dissolved in CB (bottom). SEM images of c, the control perovskite films and d, perovskite/NVP film before and after CB extraction. e Pb 4 f and I 3d XPS spectra of the control and perovskite/NVP film, respectively. f Time-resolved photoluminescence decay curves (excitation: 520 nm, 2.26 nJ cm−2, 0.1 MHz). Solid lines were fitted from the generic kinetic model to obtain the trap density of perovskite films.

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