Fig. 7: ELJNV nanovesicles migrated the intrinsic and inducible immune resistance in the KPC pancreatic tumor model.

a Treatment schedule of ELJNV-mediated combination immunotherapy of KPC tumor. b, c Tumor growth curves of KPC tumor-bearing mice upon different treatments (n = 5 mice). d Representative photographs of KPC tumors collected at the end of the antitumor study. e Averaged tumor weights examined at the end of the antitumor study (n = 5 mice). f Survival curves of KPC tumor-bearing mice post different treatments. g Sirius red staining of tumor sections. Up panel (Scale bar = 2 mm), bottom panel (Scale bar = 50 μm). h Quantification of fibrosis by Sirius Red staining (n = 3 mice). i Flow cytometric quantification of intratumoral infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells in KPC tumor-bearing mice (n = 3 mice). j Flow cytometric quantification of intratumoral infiltration of IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells in KPC tumor-bearing mice (n = 3 mice). k Flow cytometry-determined central memory T lymphocytes (T_CM) and the effector memory T lymphocytes (T_EM) ratios in the spleens of KPC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice 21 days post-treatment (n = 3 mice). l ELISA analysis of intratumoral TGF-β1 secretion (n = 3 mice). m Flow cytometry analysis and n immunohistochemistry staining of intratumoral PD-L1 expression in KPC tumors after different treatments (n = 3 mice). o Western blot assay and p semi-quantification of α-SMA, FAP, and fibronectin expression in the tumor tissue at the end antitumor study (n = 3 mice). q Western blot assay and r, s semi-quantification of ELJNV-induced inhibition TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in KPC tumors (n = 3 mice). Error bars represent mean ± SD. P values in all panels except f derived from the Student’s t-test (two-tailed, two-sample unequal variance). In panel f, the Log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test was used. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.