Fig. 1: Comparison of measured and modelled mass yields of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM).

In (a) a pure NO2 experiment run with 1200 pptv monoterpene, (b) a constant NO/NO2 experiment with 1200 pptv monoterpene, (c) a constant NO/NO2 experiment with 300 pptv monoterpene and (d) a varying NO/NO2 experiment with around 1 ppbv NO2 and 1200 pptv monoterpene. The brown solid circle in (d) denotes the HOM mass yield obtained from the constant NO/NO2 experiment with around 1 ppbv NO2 and 7 pptv NO (the brown dash line in (b)). Model simulated HOM represents molecules formed without NO participation and are denoted in green; HOMNO represents molecules formed with NO’s involvement and are denoted in blue. The propagated error of the HOM yield varies within 6–8% among different experiments with the calculation method provided in the Methods.