Table 1 Expected chip-scale clock systematics

From: A chip-scale atomic beam clock

Clock systematic shift

Sensitivity (δf/f)

Control, 10−12 stability

Doppler

1 × 10−6 rad−1

δθ < 1 × 10−6 rad

Zeeman

2 × 10−3 T−1

δB < 0.6 nT

Collisional (H2, N2)

7 × 10−10 Pa−1

δT < 0.1 K

Collisional (Rb)

5 × 10−7 Pa−1

δT < 100 K

Light (R = P1/P2)

1 × 10−9 R−1

δR < 1 × 10−3

Cavity end-to-end

1 × 10−6 cm−1

δT < 0.1 K

  1. Systematics are calculated for a Rb beam clock with 15 mm Ramsey length, and requirements for experimental control are estimated to achieve 10−12 fractional frequency stability.
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