Fig. 2: Degradation catalytic performance.

a ONP removal in different systems. b Capability of the STLC system for degrading various pollutants. c ONP degradation performance in the presence of radical scavengers. d, e Spin-trapping ESR spectra of TEMP-1O2 (d) and DMPO-•OH/ SO4•− (e). f Reusability tests of STLC and Co leaching during successive four-time runs.