Fig. 5: Density functional theory calculation for the PMS activation mechanism.

a Calculated potential energy diagrams for PMS decomposition into two key reaction intermediates. b Adsorption configuration and charge density of PMS on STLC. Yellow and cyan denote electron accumulation and electron depletion, respectively. c in situ Raman spectra of ONP, PMS, STLC, and their reaction. d Projected density of states of STLC. e Co K-edge EXAFS analysis of STLC adsorbed ONP at R space.