Fig. 1: Photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.

a Current-voltage curve for p-i-n (inverted) architecture PSC. b J-V curve for n-i-p (regular) PSC. c External quantum efficiency and integrated photocurrent of p-i-n (red) and n-i-p (blue) PSCs. d Stability of p-i-n (red) and n-i-p (blue) PVs over time with traditional epoxy encapsulation.