Fig. 1: Aerosol concentrations and global changes.

CESM2 baseline concentrations of (a) black carbon (BC) and (b) sulfate (SO4). Rectangles indicate the Eastern China region. c–n These show changes (columns correspond to BC×10, CO2×2, and SO4×5, respectively) in near-surface temperature, Brunt-Väisälä frequency N (indicating lower-atmospheric stability) at the 936 hPa level, Richardson number Ri (the ratio of turbulence-suppressing static stability to turbulence-generating vertical shear) at the 936 hPa level and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height.