Fig. 2: Irrigation drainage system evolution and the current status of how small water bodies are utilized in China. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Irrigation drainage system evolution and the current status of how small water bodies are utilized in China.

From: Enhancing rice production sustainability and resilience via reactivating small water bodies for irrigation and drainage

Fig. 2

a Development history of irrigation drainage systems in China, showing the degradation of the pond-based decentralized system (Beitang) but increased areas of irrigated and drainage fields, along with related factors. Highlighted parts of lines showed the most influencing period of these factors; b) the current status of remaining ditches and ponds in rice-growing regions of China and their utilization styles. IDU: irrigation drainage unit. TC totally centralized style, PD1 partly decentralized 1 style, PD2 partly decentralized 2 style, QD quasi-decentralized style, the difference between the four styles is depicted in Fig. 1c. NE northeast rice region, CJ Changjiang River basin rice region, SE southeast coastal rice region. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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