Fig. 6: Intranasal immunization with dNS1-RBD vaccine protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A Schema of the experimental design. On days 1, 3, and 5 after cohoused exposure, hamsters from vaccinated and control groups were euthanized for analyses. n = 4 biologically independent hamsters/group, created with adobe illustrator 2020. B Body weight changes of hamsters after cohoused exposure were plotted. The average weight loss of each group at 5 dpi. is indicated as a colored number. n = 4 biologically independent hamsters/group, control (gray) and dNS1-RBD (red). C Bar graph showing the pathological severity scores of lungs and the viral RNA loads from nasal turbinate, trachea, and lung. n = 4 biologically independent hamsters/group, control (gray) and dNS1-RBD (red). D Gross lung images and H&E-stained lung sections from dNS1-RBD vaccinated and control groups. Experiments were repeated 3 times independently with similar results. E Schema of the experimental design, created with adobe illustrator 2020. Hamsters were intranasally vaccinated with dNS1-RBD or dNS1-Vector. F Body weight changes of hamsters after cohoused exposure were plotted. The average weight loss of each group at 5 dpi. is indicated as a colored number, n = 8 biologically independent hamsters/group, control (gray), dNS1-Vector (blue) and dNS1-RBD (red). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.