Fig. 1: Variation in absolute mushroom body size across the Heliconiini. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Variation in absolute mushroom body size across the Heliconiini.

From: Rapid expansion and visual specialisation of learning and memory centres in the brains of Heliconiini butterflies

Fig. 1

A Dated phylogeny showing the Heliconiini species sampled and the major clades, with the number of individuals sampled for each species shown to the right of the species name. B, C Selected neuroanatomical detail from five species indicated in bold in panel A. B Confocal scans showing the anterior (left) and posterior (right) of the central brain from one representative individual of each species (scale bars = 250 μm). C 3D reconstructions of the whole brain with anterior (left) and posterior (right) views showing the mushroom body (red) (scale bars = 500 μm). D Isolated 3D reconstructions of the mushroom body, showing the calyx (dark red), peduncles and lobes (light red) (scale bars = 250 μm). Source data files: Heliconiini.trees.

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