Fig. 1: Electrically controlled cross-bar photonic crystal (PhC) cavity with integrated semiconducting carbon nanotube (sCNT) emitter.

a Schematic of the hybrid device. The sCNT is positioned between nanocrystalline graphene electrodes placed on top of the cavity crossing. The nanographene electrodes are used for addressing the sCNT and are connected to metallic leads for current injection. The electroluminescent emission is coupled out from both ends of the PhC cavity. b Helium Ion microscopy image of a broadband total reflection three-dimensional (3D) coupler connected to the ends of the nanophotonic waveguides. c Optical micrograph of the fabricated device with 3D output couplers and cavity region marked by the zoom-box. Output ports are marked as A-D. d Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the PhC cavity with a single sCNT integrated between nanocrystalline graphene electrodes. The inset shows a close-up image of an individual sCNT in the cavity. e Scanning electron microscope image of the hybrid device in the cavity region.