Fig. 1: Steps involved in the calculation of clade density.

We begin with a set of five species, whose phylogenetic relationships and range sizes are provided in A and geographical distributions are shown in B. From the geographical distributions, it is possible to obtain a range overlap matrix, which measures the area of overlap between each pair of species (C). The phylogeny is then used to calculate the phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix (D), which is then multiplied to each element in the range overlap matrix by the phylogenetic variance-covariance (E, F). All elements in each line are then summed to obtain the estimates of clade density for each species (G).