Fig. 1: Workflow of this study.
From: Built structures influence patterns of energy demand and CO2 emissions across countries

National-level indicators of the extent and spatial patterns of settlements and infrastructures (material stock patterns) were derived from global maps, here illustrated using Paraguay, the UK, Kenia, and Bangladesh as examples. Results were statistically analyzed along with the conventional factors assumed to co-determine energy use and CO2 emissions. The main aim was to test the hypotheses formulated in the lower-right box. Copyright for administrative boundaries: © Eurogeographics.