Fig. 3: European aviation fleet activity for 2018–2100 relying on syn-jet fuel and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) performed via direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS) to meet the mitigation scope, for the three air-traffic demand trajectories, under the 2 °C climate scenario. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: European aviation fleet activity for 2018–2100 relying on syn-jet fuel and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) performed via direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS) to meet the mitigation scope, for the three air-traffic demand trajectories, under the 2 °C climate scenario.

From: How to make climate-neutral aviation fly

Fig. 3

Panels a, b, c amount of climate forcers emitted (left y-axis) and kilometers flown (right y-axis). The CO2 intensity of electricity along the time axis is indicated at the bottom and is provided by the climate scenario; Panels d, e, f Radiative forcing (RF) of climate forcers and forcing trajectories for the mitigation scopes considered (note: the additional RF caused by DACCS is calculated iteratively and included in the total RF). The global mean surface temperature (GMST) increase by 2100 relative to 2018 is indicated in degrees Celsius; Panels g, h, and i CDR requirement (with and without additional removal needed to mitigate DACCS operations) to meet a given mitigation scope over the 2050–2100 period. Error bars represent the uncertainty around the radiative efficiency of flight short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) emissions.

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