Fig. 3: Phosphorescence mechanism of RTP materials.

a DLS of CBtCOONa aqueous solutions with different concentrations; b Phosphorescence spectra of 0.2 mg/mL CBtCOONa at 77 K (Ex = 310, 370 nm, delay time = 0.1 ms); c Phosphorescence lifetime of 0.2 mg/mL CBtCOONa, 60 mg/mL CBtCOONa, and 0.2 mg/mL CBtCOONa with 100 mM CaCl2 at 77 K (Ex = 310 nm; detection wavelength = 450 nm); d Phosphorescence spectra of 60 mg/mL CBtCOONa at 77 K (Ex = 310, 370 nm, delay time = 0.1 ms); e Phosphorescence lifetime of 0.2 mg/mL CBtCOONa, 60 mg/mL CBtCOONa, and 0.2 mg/mL CBtCOONa with 100 mM CaCl2 at 77 K (Ex = 370 nm; detection wavelength = 500 nm); f Energy gap of CBtCOONa (DS = 0.54) with different aggregation states; g FTIR spectra of CBtCOONa and cellulose; h Zeta potential of 1.0 mg/mL CBtCOONa and cellulose; i Density of CBtCOONa and cellophane; j Schematic illustration of the phosphorescence mechanism.