Table 1 Some characteristics and resilience-related metrics of the subsystems in this study

	MTR	FB	GMB	LR	FERRY	TRAM
\|V\|	96	4279	4023	68	61	117
\|E\|	204	9284	5689	156	94	124
\(\left\langle {k}_{{out}}\right\rangle\)	2.13	2.17	1.41	2.29	1.54	1.06
R	24	1443	715	22	38	7
\({S}_{0}\)	1.00	\(\approx\)1.00	0.79	1.00	0.15	1.00
\({l}^{\max }\)	27	83	107	26	7	84
\(\left\langle l\right\rangle\)	10.36	14.94	23.90	9.68	0.18	32.10
\(E\)	0.15	0.09	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.06
\({E}_{{geospatial}}\)	0.71	0.73	0.29	0.84	0.05	0.53
\(\left\langle {l}_{e}\right\rangle\)	2020	1113	855	440	5882	245
\(\sigma ({l}_{e})\)	2439	2626	1658	230	5342	86
Gini (ND)	0.174	0.348	0.252	0.147	0.215	0.051
Gini (BC)	0.490	0.611	0.757	0.456	0.727	0.188
\({r}_{b}\) (Random)	0.207	0.191	0.070	0.213	0.071	0.040
\({r}_{b}\) (ND-targeted)	0.080	0.075	0.021	0.090	0.040	0.024
\({r}_{b}\) (BC-targeted)	0.076	0.074	0.023	0.107	0.041	0.027
\({Rl}\) (\({d}_{\max }=750\))	0.059	0.876	0.82	0.54	0.053	0.783
\({Rl}\) (\({d}_{\max }=1600\))	0.366	0.94	0.88	0.77	0.082	0.889

Note: \({|V|}\): number of stops; \({|E|}\): number of links; \(\left\langle {k}_{{out}}\right\rangle\): average out-degree; R: number of directed routes (each for one direction); \({S}_{0}\): relative size of largest strongly connected components (\(S/{|V|}\)), and \({S}_{0}\)<1 means the network is not strongly connected; \({l}^{\max }\): maximal shortest path length; \(\left\langle l\right\rangle\): average shortest path length (path length between disconnected node pair is \({l}^{\max }\)); \(E\): global efficiency; \({E}_{{geospatial}}\): geospatial modification of global efficiency (also known as detour index); \(\left\langle {l}_{e}\right\rangle\): average edge lengths in haversine distance (in meter); \(\sigma ({l}_{e})\): standard deviation of edge lengths; Gini (ND) and Gini (BC): two variants of Gini coefficients based on the node degree (ND) and node betweenness centrality (BC), as the preparedness indicator; \({r}_{b}\): robustness indicator based on a certain attack strategy (random failure, ND-targeted, and BC-targeted); \({Rl}\): global average relocation rate with certain relocation distance limit \({d}_{\max }\), as the interoperability indicator.

Search