Fig. 1: GHG emissions associated with vehicle operations.

a Contributions by passenger cars, single trucks, and combo trucks at the 1457 road sections, along with their relationships with the overall decreasing rate caused by truck platooning. Three colored blocks represent the portions of emissions, while the black line represents the decreasing rate attributed to platooning. b The distributions of decreasing rates of single-truck emissions and combo-truck emissions due to platooning. The histogram refers to the frequencies of the decreasing rates. The dashed line represents the cumulative percent of the decreasing rates. c The overall decreasing rates of vehicle emissions due to truck platooning. The raw data refer to the overall decreasing rates at different road sections. The brown fitting line is derived based on the power function model. The light blue region refers to the decreasing rates of vehicle emissions contributed by single trucks. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.