Fig. 4: GHG emissions from road infrastructure versus those from vehicles.

a The percentage of road infrastructure emission versus that of vehicle emission under the normal traffic mode. b The percentage of road infrastructure emission versus that of vehicle emission under the truck platooning mode. c Comparisons of the percentage of road infrastructure emission and that of vehicle emission under the two modes. a–c The error bars refer to ±1.5 times of SD of each data group. The box-plot elements include the center line, median, and upper and lower quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.