Fig. 4: Comparison of dose-response curves after vaccination and monoclonal antibody administration.

a We compared the overall protection of prophylactic mAb treatment (n = 5 studies) and high-potency RNA vaccines (n = 2 studies) and found a significant difference in the relative risk (fold difference relative risk = 2.87, p = 0.002, Wald Test, GLMM, see Supplementary Methods). This difference corresponds to a mean efficacy in the mAb studies of 84.8% (95% CI: 76.0–90.8%) and for the high-potency mRNA vaccines a mean efficacy of 94.5% (95% CI: 91.6–96.7%). b We normalized the neutralization titers to a common scale of ‘fold-of-convalescent’ titer to allow direct comparison of efficacy at different neutralization levels between mAb (n = 24 individual observations) and vaccination (n = 8 individual data points). Here we show the best fitting model (lines) to the data (points) was a model where the slope is allowed to vary between mAb studies (blue/solid line) and vaccine studies (red/dashed line) but the neutralization titers giving 50% protection is equal for mAb prophylaxis and vaccination (based on model comparisons with the likelihood ratio test, see Figure S4, Figure S5, and Table S9). Shaded regions indicate the 95% confidence regions of the fitted model. a, b Vertical error bars indicate the 95% CI of the efficacy, and horizontal error bars indicate the maximum and minimum (mean) neutralizing antibody titer observed during each time interval (blue) or 95% CI of the mean neutralizing antibody titer (red).