Fig. 7: AVB regulate olfactory learning by interacting with AVA and RIM.
From: Locomotion modulates olfactory learning through proprioception in C. elegans
a PA14-evoked Ca2+ drop in AVA of naïve and trained animals expressing HisCl1 in AVB (AVB-HisCl1) without and with prior histamine treatment. Top: Heatmaps arranged by the response duration. Bottom: The mean (solid line) and SEM (shaded area). b Inhibition of AVB significantly attenuates the PA14 training-induced amplitude and duration changes of the Ca2+ drop in AVA. WT = wild type. c Inhibition of AVB significantly decreases the olfactory learning index but not the naïve choice index. d Spontaneous GCaMP6 signals of AVA and AVB are anticorrelated. Shown are sample traces recorded simultaneously from AVA and AVB (left), and cross-correlation analysis (right). e Optogenetic activation of AVB but not AVA causes an outward (inhibitory) current in its counterpart. ChR2 was expressed in AVB and AVA using Psra-11 and a Cre-LoxP approach (with Pflp-18 and Pgpa-14), respectively. f Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced outward current in AVA depends on ACC-2. g AVA outward current caused by optogenetic activation of AVB depends on ACC-2. h Knockdown of acc-2 in AVA impairs anticorrelation between AVA and AVB. i Knockdown of acc-2 in AVA greatly reduces the olfactory learning index but not the naïve choice index. j Tyramine-induced outward current in AVB depends on LGC-55. In (e–g) and j, whole-cell currents were recorded at a holding potential of 0 mV (e, g, j) or +30 mV (f) using the low-Cl- pipette solution (see Methods). k Knockdown of lgc-55 in AVB greatly reduces the olfactory learning index but not the naïve choice index. l Knockdown of lgc-55 in AVB impairs anticorrelation between AVA and AVB. *, **, and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, compared with WT based on either one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (b, c, f, g, j) or between two groups based on two-sided unpaired t test (e, h, i, k, l). p = 0.6343 and 0.0003 (top, b), 0.9983 and 0.0037 (bottom, b), 0.9983, 1, and 0.9974 (top, c), 0.9988, 1, and 0.0024 (bottom, c), < 0.0001 (e), 0.0016, 0.0987, and 0.0071 (f), < 0.0001, 0.3199, and < 0.0001 (g), 0.0006 (h), 0.6862 (left, i), < 0.0001 (right, i), < 0.0001, 0.4673, and < 0.0001 (j), 0.9223 (left, k), < 0.0001 (right, k), 0.026 (l). Brackets contain the number of animals tested (a, b, d, h, l), cells recorded (e–g, j), or independent assays (c, i, k). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
