Fig. 3: Dependence of the cavity photon number on the Huang–Rhys factor (S) and cavity-vibration coupling constant (g).

a Time evolution of the cavity photon occupancy (\(\langle {\hat{N}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{cav}}}}}}}}}\rangle\)) for a single intramolecular vibration coupled to a cavity following an electronic excitation of the molecule, for different values of g and for a fixed S equal to 0.75. b The maximum value of the \(\langle {\hat{N}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{cav}}}}}}}}}\rangle\) time trace (Max\(\{\langle {\hat{N}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{cav}}}}}}}}}\rangle \}\)) as a function of both g and S. The white dashed line represents S = 0.75, with each point on the line corresponding to the S and g values used for the traces in (a). The cavity frequency (ωc) was set in resonance with the vibration frequency (ωv): ωc = ωv = 1600 cm−1.