Fig. 3: Protocol and TBS effects on slopes of identification curves in Experiment 2.
a, b Design of Experiment 2. a The separate lexical tone and consonant continua. b The experimental procedure at session, block, and trial levels. Instructions were identical to Experiment 1. Offline iTBS or cTBS was applied to the left or the right dLMC before the task. c Compared with sham, cTBS upon the left dLMC impaired consonant perception in quiet (pfdr = 0.049). d TBS upon the right dLMC had no effect on tone or consonant perception in quiet (ps > 0.05). e cTBS upon the left dLMC impaired both tone (compared with sham, pfdr = 0.029) and consonant perception in noise (compared with sham, pfdr < 0.001, and with iTBS, pfdr < 0.001). f cTBS upon the right dLMC impaired consonant perception in noise (compared with sham, pfdr < 0.001, and with iTBS, pfdr < 0.001). See Fig. 2 legend for a detailed description of color patterns. BrainNet Viewer was used to generate the schematic brain maps for (b). COPYRIGHT NOTICE: © Copyright 2007, NITRC. All rights reserved. [https://www.nitrc.org/include/copyright.php] Sample sizes were equal across tasks and stimulation conditions (n = 25 participants), but the slopes were eliminated if the corresponding sham slopes were invalid (see the source data for Fig.3, Supplementary Table 2, and Supplementary Methods, Preprocessing of the slope). Statistical tests were performed by non-parametric tests comparing TBS effects with zero (permutation test, null hypothesis cTMS - Sham ≥ 0 and iTMS - Sham ≤ 0), and comparing effects of cTBS with iTBS within the same tasks (Wilcoxon signed rank test, cTBS – Sham ≥ iTBS – Sham). P values (one-tailed) were adjusted by false discovery rate (FDR) correction (threshold = 0.05). *pfdr < 0.05; **pfdr < 0.01; ***pfdr < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
