Table 1 Dice ratio and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) of cerebellum segmentation results on 50 testing subjects (N = 10 for each time point) at 18, 12, 9, 6, and ≤3 months of age from BCP (mean ± standard deviation)

18

10

volBrain

N/A

N/A

76.30 ± 3.01^*

16.37 ± 3.06

53.18 ± 2.67^*

25.18 ± 1.63^*

Infant FreeSurfer

N/A

N/A

71.28 ± 4.43^*

16.16 ± 2.22^*

58.24 ± 2.01^*

16.42 ± 1.95^*

Multi-atlas-based method

53.03 ± 6.28^*

11.96 ± 3.01^*

68.90 ± 6.89^*

11.41 ± 2.24

65.46 ± 9.06^*

8.94 ± 2.74

ASD-Net

73.65 ± 2.44^*

12.89 ± 1.53^*

85.19 ± 0.12^*

11.36 ± 2.77

88.28 ± 1.46^*

6.51 ± 3.31

ADU-Net

87.17 ± 6.22

10.46 ± 2.01

91.57 ± 3.10

13.98 ± 2.66

92.79 ± 2.50

6.56 ± 3.62

Proposed

89.45 ± 1.96

9.68 ± 1.75

92.12 ± 0.95

12.81 ± 4.45

93.02 ± 0.61

5.92 ± 2.91

12

10

volBrain

N/A

N/A

74.20 ± 8.91^*

19.92 ± 4.01

51.47 ± 3.37^*

22.84 ± 0.33^*

Infant FreeSurfer

N/A

N/A

67.63 ± 8.57^*

15.70 ± 3.12^*

56.39 ± 7.65^*

15.07 ± 2.02^*

Multi-atlas-based method

52.62 ± 10.70^*

14.85 ± 1.64^*

71.66 ± 3.39^*

17.10 ± 2.35^*

66.15 ± 3.71^*

8.50 ± 1.96^*

ASD-Net

81.22 ± 4.04^*

13.56 ± 1.36^*

85.05 ± 1.93^*

12.30 ± 1.62

84.57 ± 1.96^*

6.25 ± 0.72

ADU-Net

88.72 ± 9.61

11.67 ± 2.55

88.59 ± 2.68

14.52 ± 2.50

88.08 ± 1.68^*

6.81 ± 1.38

Proposed

90.07 ± 1.68

9.18 ± 2.42

91.66 ± 1.59

10.58 ± 5.14

92.05 ± 2.65

5.58 ± 1.40

9

10

volBrain

N/A

N/A

77.27 ± 4.28^*

16.89 ± 1.43

51.63 ± 1.21^*

21.02 ± 1.06^*

Infant FreeSurfer

N/A

N/A

69.86 ± 6.70^*

17.64 ± 4.38^*

55.15 ± 8.70^*

18.28 ± 5.96^*

Multi-atlas-based method

33.93 ± 2.44^*

17.48 ± 1.44^*

63.78 ± 0.90^*

21.88 ± 4.96^*

63.60 ± 2.30^*

9.28 ± 0.92

ASD-Net

76.33 ± 5.22^*

14.09 ± 1.65^*

83.30 ± 2.63^*

13.37 ± 4.43^*

84.28 ± 2.54^*

7.29 ± 2.83

ADU-Net

87.64 ± 6.91

10.81 ± 2.35^*

88.45 ± 1.65^*

16.61 ± 5.45

87.49 ± 2.41^*

7.80 ± 2.64

Proposed

87.10 ± 2.56

7.39 ± 2.83

90.96 ± 1.87

16.46 ± 4.29

92.30 ± 3.07

6.76 ± 3.25

6

10

volBrain

N/A

N/A

74.23 ± 6.18^*

17.78 ± 1.99

48.65 ± 4.87^*

19.54 ± 3.73^*

Infant FreeSurfer

N/A

N/A

67.81 ± 5.42^*

15.25 ± 1.55

59.78 ± 5.66^*

14.78 ± 1.41^*

Multi-atlas-based method

32.27 ± 3.19^*

17.62 ± 0.57^*

67.81 ± 5.42^*

16.52 ± 1.55^*

63.62 ± 6.15^*

9.97 ± 1.89^*

ASD-Net

71.57 ± 3.81^*

14.76 ± 2.30^*

81.14 ± 4.38^*

14.08 ± 7.91

83.76 ± 3.59^*

11.46 ± 9.48

ADU-Net

82.63 ± 7.88

15.69 ± 7.05

87.49 ± 2.52^*

16.71 ± 6.83

87.80 ± 1.75^*

11.53 ± 9.19

Proposed

84.46 ± 2.15

10.80 ± 1.77

89.52 ± 1.30

13.37 ± 3.05

91.12 ± 1.60

5.02 ± 0.79

≤3

10

volBrain

N/A

N/A

73.94 ± 4.95

18.24 ± 5.00

50.64 ± 2.66^*

23.22 ± 5.71^*

Infant FreeSurfer

N/A

N/A

59.40 ± 3.06^*

17.82 ± 7.22

26.30 ± 2.08^*

20.00 ± 1.67^*

Multi-atlas-based method

26.16 ± 9.73^*

16.37 ± 0.77^*

57.67 ± 8.26^*

16.14 ± 1.49

64.70 ± 13.39^*

11.45 ± 3.83^*

ASD-Net

73.64 ± 6.39^*

13.12 ± 2.50^*

77.42 ± 7.30^*

15.70 ± 9.69

81.71 ± 6.66^*

6.41 ± 1.17

ADU-Net

76.67 ± 4.81^*

10.90 ± 1.45^*

80.65 ± 8.35^*

16.96 ± 9.50

83.96 ± 7.61^*

7.73 ± 1.52^*

Proposed

83.87 ± 8.87

8.86 ± 1.02

87.75 ± 9.18

16.04 ± 10.47

90.39 ± 8.59

5.97 ± 1.06