Fig. 4: Mediobasal hypothalamus and medial amygdala neuronal activity in response to chemogenetic stimulation of olfactory mitral and tufted cells.

a–d cFos Immunostaining (green, scale 100 µm) and quantification in posterior medial amygdala (MeAp), ARC, LH, DMH of Tbx21-Cre⁺-hM3Dq⁺ male and female mice, for MeAp, LH, DMH, males, N = 7 per group, females, N = 8/Cre− and N = 6/Cre + , for ARC, males, N = 6 per group, females, N = 8/Cre− and N = 6/Cre + , Two-way Anova with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. e Representative image of immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization co-staining in female dDMH for Vgat (green), Vglut2 (blue) and cFos protein (red), yellow cells express Vgat/cFos (top), magenta cells express cFos/Vglut (bottom), scale 50 µm. f Representative image of immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization co-staining in DMH for Lepr (green) and cFos protein (red), arrows point to colocalization of signal in neurons, scale 100 µm. g MeA immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization co-staining of Vgat (green), Vglut2 (blue) and cFos protein (red), yellow cells express Vgat/cFos, magenta cells express cFos/Vglut, scale 100 µm. h Quantification of DMH colocalization between cFos/Vgat and cFos/Vglut2 in male and female mice, N = 5 per group (left), and quantification of DMH cFos/Lepr colocalization, N = 5 per group (right). i Quantification of MeA cFos expression in inhibitory neurons (upper panel) and excitatory neurons (lower panel), N = 5 per group, Unpaired t-test,Two-tailed. All bar graphs are presented as mean values ± SEM. Table S4 contains the detailed results of the statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and posterior medial amygdala (MeAp).