Fig. 3: Effect of foot-shock on the NE release in the cerebellum.

a AAV9-GRABNE was injected in the mouse cerebellar vermis and the optical fiber was implanted above the injection site (created with BioRender.com). b Mice were individually placed in the chamber and received 10 foot-shocks (0.5 mA, 1 s) with an inter-shock interval of 60 s (created with BioRender.com). c On the left, stereotaxic location of the optic fiber; based on Franklin and Paxinos’s mouse brain atlas (2007). On the right, histological section of the mouse cerebellum stained with DAPI showing the optic fiber placement (the image is representative of 8 independent experiments). Scale bar is 500 μm. d Representative image of 8 independent experiments of GRABNE expression in the cerebellum. PCL Purkinje cell layer, GL granular layer, and ML molecular layer. Scale bar is 100 μm. e Time course of GRABNE fluorescence, expressed as Z-score, in response to foot-shock under control condition (saline) and following systemic administration of amphetamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), n = 8 mice. f, g Response to foot-shock measured as area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 1.4 s (two-sided paired t-test no shock vs shock (saline) p = 0.0443; n = 8 mice) and from 1.4 to 5 s (two-sided paired t-test no shock vs shock (saline) p = 0.0001; n = 8 mice). Systemic administration of amphetamine (Amph) had no effect on the peak (AUC from 0 to 1.4 s: one-way ANOVA for treatment F(1.657, 11.6) = 1.653, p = 0.2327.) but induced a significant decrease in fluorescence relative to the trough (AUC from 1.4 to 5 s: one-way ANOVA for treatment F(1.962, 13.73) = 30.38, p < 0.0001, followed by Tukey test for multiple comparisons shock vs shock + amphetamine p = 0.0171); n = 8 mice per treatment. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM, corresponding to bars or shaded regions. Source data are provided as Source Data file.