Table 4 Association of SOCS3 methylation with stunting in LMIC cohorts

From: DNA methylation at the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene influences height in childhood

Cohort

n

aStunted n (%)

CpG ID

Effect size (OR)b

95% CI

P value

MMNP

685

105 (15.3)

cg11047325

0.92

0.89, 0.96

2.1E-05

cg13343932

0.93

0.89, 0.96

1.4E-04

cg18181703

0.89

0.84, 0.93

8.1E-06

MPC

553

55 (10.0)

cg11047325

0.93

0.89, 0.97

1.2E-03

cg13343932

0.93

0.89, 0.98

3.6E-03

cg18181703

0.91

0.85, 0.97

3.5E-03

PMMST

284

22 (7.7)

cg11047325

0.99

0.98, 1.00

1.2E-01

cg13343932

0.99

0.98, 1.01

2.2E-01

cg18181703

0.99

0.97, 1.01

2.8E-01

ENID (6 years)

142

7 (5.0)

cg11047325

0.89

0.79, 0.99

5.4E-02

cg13343932

0.89

0.78, 1.01

7.9E-02

cg18181703

0.86

0.71, 1.02

9.5E-02

ENID (2 years)

238

56 (23.5)

cg18181703

0.92

0.86, 0.99

2.8E-02

  1. LMIC low- and middle-income countries, MMNP Mumbai Maternal Nutritional Project, MPC Mysore Parthenon Cohort, PMMST Periconceptional Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation Trial, ENID Early Nutrition and Immune Development, ALSPAC Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, n sample size.
  2. aStunting is defined as height <2 SD below WHO height-for-age reference mean.
  3. bLogistic regression estimates where 1% increase in methylation is related to [(1 −  effect size in OR) * 100] percent of the reduction in the relative risk of stunting. Stunting was modeled by logistic regression with stunting as the binary outcome variable (see “Methods” for further details). P value: statistical significance.
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