Table 2 Annual pooled gabapentinoid consumption and average annual percentage change from 2008 to 2018 by country income level

From: Gabapentinoid consumption in 65 countries and regions from 2008 to 2018: a longitudinal trend study

Income level

High (n = 38)

Upper-middle (n = 21)

Lower-middle (n = 6)

Average annual percentage changea (%, 95% CI)

13.84 (12.18, 15.53)

21.98 (17.99, 26.10)

23.28 (18.55, 28.21)

Year

Pooled consumption (defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day)

2008

10.79 (8.45, 13.78)

0.96 (0.48, 1.93)

0.75 (0.59, 0.96)

2009

12.79 (10.06, 16.26)

1.45 (0.72, 2.93)

1.08 (0.85, 1.38)

2010

15.33 (11.99, 19.60)

1.85 (0.93, 3.68)

1.32 (1.00, 1.73)

2011

18.30 (14.53, 23.06)

1.89 (0.99, 3.60)

1.60 (1.19, 2.14)

2012

20.38 (16.58, 25.05)

2.34 (1.22, 4.47)

1.93 (1.37, 2.73)

2013

23.94 (19.48, 29.42)

3.01 (1.65, 5.49)

2.25 (1.53, 3.31)

2014

27.14 (22.23, 33.15)

3.64 (2.01, 6.59)

2.52 (1.63, 3.88)

2015

30.03 (24.37, 37.01)

4.31 (2.31, 8.03)

2.92 (1.79, 4.76)

2016

34.12 (27.60, 42.17)

4.58 (2.32, 9.02)

3.38 (1.86, 6.13)

2017

37.82 (30.51, 46.88)

5.47 (2.80, 10.69)

4.15 (1.93, 8.94)

2018

39.92 (32.35, 49.26)

6.06 (3.15, 11.66)

6.11 (2.12, 17.61)

  1. CI confidence interval.
  2. aThe average annual change is calculated using a linear regression model, with log-transformed consumption in DDD/TID as the dependent variable and year as the independent variable. The average annual change was expressed as average annual percentage change, calculated by [exp(the coefficient of the year variable) – 1] × 100%.