Fig. 3: Taurinivorans muris and Bilophila wadsworthia have distinct host distribution patterns.

a Occurrence and prevalence of Taurinivorans muris- and Bilophila wadsworthia-related sequences in 16 S rRNA gene amplicon datasets of human and animal guts. T. muris- and B. wadsworthia-like sequences at 97% similarity cutoff are expressed as percentages of positive samples in each host (the numbers of samples used for the analysis are shown in parenthesis) and different colors indicate percentages of samples positive for T. muris and B. wadsworthia at different relative abundance ranges. Hosts with less than 20 amplicon samples are not shown. T. muris- and B. wadsworthia-related sequences co-occur in only 28 mouse gut samples as shown by the Venn diagram. For comparison, the abundance of B. wadsworthia-positive mouse gut samples is also shown after removal of data from mice that were ‘humanized’ by receiving human feces transplants or human strain consortia. b Visualization of Taurinivorans in a colon tissue section of a mouse (n = 1) fed a polysaccharide- and fiber-deficient diet¹⁰⁸ by FISH. TAU1151-Cy3-labeled Taurinivorans cells appear in pink and the remaining bacterial cells and tissue in blue due to DAPI-staining. The dashed line indicates the border between epithelial cells and the gut lumen. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.