Fig. 2: Growth of 10 candidate Pichia strains in various dicarboxylic acids.

a Maximum growth rates of candidate strains in 3× YNB supplemented with succinic, glutaric, or adipic acids (0.15 M each). All dicarboxylic-acid-containing media were pH adjusted to 2.8 after the addition of 0.15 M of the respective dicarboxylic acid. Acidic medium is 3× YNB medium with the pH adjusted to 2.8 and neutral medium is 3× YNB medium without pH adjustment. Error bars represent the mean ± s.d. of n = 3 independent biological samples. b Representative growth curves of S. cerevisiae CEN.PK and P. occidentalis strain Y-7552 in 3× YNB supplemented with 0.15 M (22 g L−1) adipic acid. Growth was assessed by measuring OD600 in arbitrary units (arb. units). Three independent biological replicates are overlaid for each growth condition. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.