Fig. 4: Optical vortex generation as functions of various interlayer separation and twist angles.

a The parameter space of interlayer separation and twist angle. The interlayer separation ranges from 200 nm to 350 nm, and the twist angle ranges from 1.0° to 2.5°. The red dots and green circles denote the parameters we choose for the results in b, c, and the dashed lines are guides to the eye. b Normalized amplitude and phase distribution at the red dots in a. c Normalized amplitude and phase distribution at the green circles in a.