Fig. 3: Characterization of the α-MoO3 structure during proton (de)intercalation.

a The Mo 3d XPS spectrums of α-MoO3 electrodes performed at different discharge states. b The in-situ XRD curves upon protons insertion and extraction using PSL electrolyte (82 min per cycle). c The interlayer spacing of α-MoO3 derived from the in-situ XRD curves. d The XANES spectra of HxMoO3 compared to Mo foil. e EXAFS spectra and fitting curves of Mo foil and HxMoO3 in R space.