Fig. 5: 3D topographical and current mapping of the α-MoO3 electrode at different discharged states.

(3D topographical and current mapping was the combination of topographical AFM images and 2D current mapping images) a pristine α-MoO3 electrode. b The MoO3 electrode discharged to +0.35 V (HMoO3). c The MoO3 electrode discharged to –0.15 V (H1.86MoO3). d The MoO3 electrode discharged to –0.45 V (H2.16MoO3). e The MoO3 electrode discharged to –0.65 V (H2.83MoO3). f The average current response of additive carbon and the HxMoO3 particles at different discharged states.