Fig. 6: Force-dependent dissipation.
From: Minimum entropy production by microswimmers with internal dissipation
Dissipation by an active microswimmer subject to an external force \({{{\boldsymbol{\sf{F}}}}}_{\mathrm {ext}} \). The dissipated power (PA, blue) can be split into the power output of the swimmer (\(P_{{{{\mathrm{A}}}}} - {{{\boldsymbol{\sf{F}}}}}_{\mathrm {ext}} \cdot {{{\boldsymbol{\sf{V}}}}}_{\mathrm {A}}\), green) and the rate of work by the external force (brown). The dissipated power differs from the expression \({{{\boldsymbol{\sf{V}}}}}_{\mathrm {A}} \cdot {{{\boldsymbol{\sf{R}}}}}_{\mathrm {V}} \cdot {{{\boldsymbol{\sf{V}}}}}_{\mathrm {A}}\) (gray) by a constant offset (red arrow). The diagram is calculated with a microswimmer efficiency of ηm = 0.4.
