Fig. 3: The PUFA-PL peroxidation based on antigen-directed binding between TIOs and cancer cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: The PUFA-PL peroxidation based on antigen-directed binding between TIOs and cancer cells.

From: A cytotoxic T cell inspired oncolytic nanosystem promotes lytic cell death by lipid peroxidation and elicits antitumor immune responses

Fig. 3

a The TIOs actively bind tumour cells and mediated PUFA-PLs peroxidation were shown schematically. In the recognition stage, the TIOs recognized the tumour cells by antigen coordination (e.g., VCAM-1 and integrins). In the peroxidation stage, the NIR light controlled ROS were released to the plasma membrane of the tumour cells and mediated the peroxidation reaction. b Confocal images of the antigens directed binding between catalytic amount of DiD-labelled TIOs (purple) and Calcein-AM-labelled tumour cells (green). Top, CT26 cells. Middle, 4T1 cells. Bottom, EMT6 cells. Scale bar, 50 μm (40×, 10×). c The NIR controlled cargo transportation from TIOs to 4T1 cells. The RSL3 were modified with rhodamine. The 4T1 cells were labelled with Calcein-AM (green). c Payloads transportation from TIOs to tumour cells. d Representative confocal images of the scope of the lipid peroxidation in TIOs bound 4T1 cells (NIR light, 980 nm, 0.2 W cm−2, 1, 2 or 5 min). Scale bars, 10 μm. e The lipid peroxidation was detected by BODIPY 581/591 C11 (10 μM, 30 min incubation. Red, non-oxidized BODIPY; Green, oxidized BODIPY). f The NIR light induced lipid peroxidation with indicated time were analyzed by FACS. 4T1 cells were pretreated with BODIPY 581/591 C11. n = 3 independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m as appropriate (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was performed). g The MDA assay of TIOs bound 4T1 cells treated with NIR light, without NIR light or antioxidants. n = 3 independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m as appropriate (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was performed, P < 0.0001). h, i PUFA-PLs peroxidation analysis of 4T1 cells by mass spectrum. h The separated plasma membrane was analyzed using unsaturated degrees as scale. i The PUFA-PLs decrease were analyzed using unsaturated degrees as scale. For b–d, h, i, experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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