Fig. 2: Correlations between single-pass conversion and CO2R performance in literature.
a High single-pass conversion does not result in highly concentrated products that are suitable for downstream applications. b High single-pass conversion has been achieved at low feed flow rates, at which hydrogen evolution is the dominant reaction. c Faradaic efficiency to CO2R trades off with single-pass conversion across various reaction conditions. d Concentrated cathode streams are produced by maximizing Faradaic efficiency, which is extremely challenging at high single-pass conversions. e Anode gas separations can be minimized across a range of single-pass conversion. Hollow symbols (
) correspond to ethylene production and filled symbols (
) represent CO generation. Red circles (
) correspond to the highest single-pass conversion in a report, and blue diamonds (
) correspond to the highest FECO2R in a report; their operating conditions are usually different since selectivity and SPC trade off in current electrolyzer configurations10,16,18,19,20,22,27,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49.
