Fig. 5: Metabolically responsive, alternatively activated macrophages resemble monocyte-derived cells in the intestine during H. polygyrus infection.

a Representative flow-plots of monocyte/macrophage populations from the peritoneal cavity (top) or intestine (bottom) from naïve or day 7 infected mice. b Relative gMFI of metabolic markers normalized to the mean expression in macrophages, as gated in (a), from the corresponding naïve tissue (n = 4/group) representative of 3 experiments. c Frequency of TIM4⁺ macrophages in the naïve and infected peritoneal cavity, and representative plots of corresponding MHCII/GLUT1 expression and scatter profiles (n = 3/group) representative of 2 experiments. d Phenograph clustering overlaid on UMAP generated from metabolic target expression for Ly6C⁻MHCII⁺ intestinal macrophages. e Localized CD206 and PDL2 expression on UMAP and representative plots of PDL2⁺ clusters from infected mice, compared to PDL2⁻ clusters. f Heatmap showing mean metabolic expression for phenograph clusters. g Flow plots and graphs exhibiting Ly6C and PDL2 expression in the small intestine during infection, pooled from 2 experiments with n = 8 (g–j). h Fold change in marker expression on intermediate macrophages relative to the mean of the matching naïve population. i Representative CX3CR1, CD11c, and TIM4 staining and frequencies of total CX3CR1⁻ cells, or TIM4⁺ cells on MHCII⁺ macrophages. j Fold change in marker expression on TIM4⁺ macrophages relative to the mean of the matching naïve population. k Schematic for analyzing macrophage metabolism after helminth clearance. l Contour plots of UMAP generating from metabolic marker expression in MHCII⁺ macrophages. m Frequencies of phenograph clusters for MHCII⁺ macrophages from naïve (gray) or cleared (black) mice (mean ± SD). n Expression of metabolic targets in MHCII⁺ intestinal macrophages from naïve, infected or cleared mice (mean ± SD). Data representative of, or pooled from, two experiments with n = 2–5 per group (l–n). Statistics done using either two-tailed unpaired t test (b, c, g–j, m) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple comparisons (n). ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.