Fig. 2: Structure and working principle of mc-WEG.
From: Multistage coupling water-enabled electric generator with customizable energy output
a SEM image of wf-layer and the element mapping images of Ca and Cl. b SEM image of PAN membrane on the porous Au mesh substrate. c SEM image of PVA-LiCl (0.5 M) membrane and the element mapping image of Cl. d Schematic diagram of multistage water transport process in mc-WEG. Navy blue arrows represent the direction of liquid flow, and the blue arrows represent the direction of moisture diffusion. e Photographs of water transport on wf-layer with PAN membrane before and after being exposed at 90% relative humidity (RH) under ultraviolet light. Scale bar: 1 cm. Green regions are the water infiltrated part. f Water absorption of PAN membrane on wf-layer (n = 3, error bars: standard deviation). g Moisture permeability test of PAN membrane. Inset displays the test diagram. h Water absorption of PAN membrane on Au mesh substrate and Au mesh only. i Dehumidification curves of PAN membrane (loaded on porous Au electrode) saturated with 10.08 mg ml−1 CaCl2 aqueous solution under different RH (25 °C). Inset displays the test diagram. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
