Fig. 1: Gingival adaptive immunity is established during weaning.

A tSNE flow cytometry plots display the expression of the leukocyte marker CD45 on total tissue cells and the total numbers of CD45⁺ leukocytes in the gingival epithelium and lamina propria at the indicated weeks after birth. Bar graph represents the mean leukocyte numbers + SEM (n = 5 mice). p-value from an ordinary one-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism. B tSNE plots show the main cells subsets of CD45⁺ leukocytes present in each tissue at the indicated weeks after birth. Representative data from two independent experiments. Graphs show the mean frequencies + SEM (n = 5 mice for weeks 4 and 8, n = 6 mice for week 1) of the main leukocytes of the gingiva at various weeks postnatally. Data from one out of two independent experiments are shown. p-value from an ordinary one-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism. C Graphs show the mean frequencies + SEM (n = 5 mice) of CD69⁺ CD103⁺ or Ly6C⁺ CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the epithelium and lamina propria at various weeks postnatally. Data from one out of two independent experiments are shown. p-value from an ordinary one-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism. D Representative flow cytometry plots and graphs show the mean frequencies + SEM of the ILCs expressing CD69 and CD103 in the epithelium (n = 5) and lamina propria (n = 6 mice for week 1, n = 5 mice for week 4, n = 3 mice for week 8) at various weeks postnatally. Data from one out of two independent experiments are shown. p-value from an ordinary one-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.