Fig. 4: T cell markers of clonality in MM.

A Heatmap of the most differentially expressed genes between T cells with small, medium and large T cell clones from four healthy adults, eight patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and ten patients with active, newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). A log-transformed fold-change was used to measure gene expression. mRNA expression of CD27 in bone marrow T cells with small, medium and large T cell clones shown in a (B) uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and (C) violin plot. Center and error bars of the boxplots represent median ± minimum and maximum. P values were calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. D Association between the ratio of CD27 negative and positive (CD27⁻: CD27⁺) T cells with the number of T cell clones analyzed by single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing (scRNA/TCR-seq). P values were calculated using the two-sided Pearson’s correlation test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. E Association between the CD27⁻: CD27⁺ ratio with the number of T cell clones analyzed by multidimensional flow cytometry (MFC). P values were calculated using the two-sided Pearson’s correlation test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.