Fig. 4: Topographic organization of interpretable visual features.

a The 25D feature map of monkey 1 was projected onto the 9 selected features. Dashed lines indicate the STS fundus. Mean squared cosine angles (SCA) of each feature were shown on top of the scale bar. Negative representative images for residual feature 1 are shown in the inset. Note that the original ImageNet images are replaced with natural images from Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/). Due to space limitations, three feature maps are shown in Figure S5d. b Within a single map, different colors are assigned to squares with different preferences: blue, red, and green represent preferences for high sf, animacy, and residual feature 1, respectively. Regions preferring more than one feature are indicated by mixing primary colors (yellow=red+green, cyan=blue+green, purple=blue+red). A square will be labeled if the cosine angle between its neural feature and three features of interest is larger than 0.50 (in the case of residual feature 1, cosine angle < −0.50 was required since most squares were negatively related to this feature). This threshold was chosen because the overlapping squares of the three regions amount to 10% of all squares. The same criterion applies to (c–e). Note that gray squares also belong to the feature map—they are not colored because their similarities with the three features are not strong enough. Squared cosine angles between features of each colored region and the 9 selected features are shown on the right. Box plots show the median (line), quartiles (boxes), range (whiskers), and outliers (circles). From top to bottom: n = 193, 399, and 345 brain locations from one monkey, respectively. c Same as (b), but for a human subject. The threshold for cosine angle is 0.28. d Same as (b), but for the average result of three monkeys projected onto the monkey template. The threshold for cosine angle is 0.58. From top to bottom: n = 271, 293, and 271 brain locations, respectively. e Same as (d), but for the average result of four human subjects projected onto the human template. The threshold for cosine angle is 0.41. Scale bars: 1 cm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.