Fig. 1: Phenotype of cbl1/9, cipk1 mutants, and CIPK1 overexpression lines.
a GUS Histochemical staining in ProCIPK1: GUS lines. The experiment was replicated thrice with similar results. b cipk1 mutants showed enhanced drought resilience compared to the wild type. The experiment was replicated three times yielding similar results. c Water loss measurement in detached rosette leaves of cipk1 plants. The experiment was repeated three times with independent treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. d ABA-mediated stomatal closure in cipk1 mutants. Stomatal width measurements are marked in the figure using red dashed lines. e Statistical analysis of ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type, cipk1-2, and cipk1-3 plants. The experiment was repeated three times as different biological replicates. f Leaf temperature of cipk1-2 and cipk1-3 mutants. The temperature of 9 leaves was measured in triplicate. g CIPK1CA drought sensitivity compared to the wild type. The data shown represent three independent experiments. h Water loss of CIPK1CA plant leaves. The experiment was repeated three times with independent treatments. Data are shown as means ± SD. i ABA-mediated stomatal closure in CIPK1CA mutants. Stomatal width measurements are marked in the figure using red dashed lines. j Statistical analysis of ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild type, CIPK1CA#1, and CIPK1CA#2 plants. The experiment was repeated three times as different biological replicates. k Leaf temperature of CIPK1CA#1 and CIPK1CA#2 plants. Leaf temperature was measured in nine leaves in triplicate. l cbl1/9 and cbl1/9/cipk1 drought resilience phenotype. (m) The leaf temperature of cbl1/9 and cbl1/9/cipk1 plants. Leaf temperature was measured in nine leaves in triplicate. Box plots show the 25% quantile, median (line), and 75% quantile. The whiskers plots (Tukey method) represent minimum and maximum values. Asterisks indicate statistical significance between the samples. Student’s t-test (two-sided) (c, h), Two-way ANOVA analysis (e, j), One-way analysis (f, k, m) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Asterisk indicates significance compared to wild type: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Scale bars in (a) represent 20 µm, 2.0 cm in (b, f, g, k, l, m), and 10 µm in (d, i).
