Fig. 1: N-participated depolymerization of lignin phenolic β-O-4 motifs containing γ-OH groups.

a Structures of lignin β-O-4 motifs; b synthesis of N-containing aromatics from lignin β-O-4 with γ-OH through two steps; c one-pot synthesis of N-containing aromatics from lignin β-O-4 with γ-OH; d construction of carbazole-based BioAIEgen from lignin β-O-4 with γ-OH.