Fig. 1: Historical and future deposition rate of black carbon (BC) and dust.
From: A cleaner snow future mitigates Northern Hemisphere snowpack loss from warming
a, h Historical (1995–2014) and b, e, i, l future (2081–2100) spatial patterns of aerosol deposition rates and c, f, j, m their differences (calculated as Future - Historical) for BC and dust under SSP126 and SSP585. d, g, k, n Time series of the average deposition rate of BC and dust for snow-covered regions over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) where the average snow water equivalent (SWE) from December to May exceeds 5 mm. Historical and future deposition rates are calculated based on the ensemble mean of seven CMIP6 model outputs from December to May. In a–c, e, f, h–j, i–m grids with an average SWE from December to May <5 mm are masked. In c, f, j, m the black dots represent regions with statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. In d, g, k, n the line and background shading represent the mean and standard deviation of deposition rates, respectively, based on the seven CMIP6 models. The p values from the MK test of statistical significance of the temporal trends from 2015 to 2100 are shown inside each panel; and the vertical dashed line indicates the year 2015 when SSP scenarios start. We use ng m−2 s−1 and μg m−2 s−1 as BC and dust deposition rate units, respectively.
